Las Plantas Tóxicas como Respuesta Evolutiva a la Herbivoría: Una Visión Ecológica y Veterinaria
Keywords:
Plantas tóxicas, Herbivoría, Metabolitos secundarios, Intoxicaciones, GanaderíaAbstract
The issue of plant poisoning is a major cause of economic loss for the global livestock industry, with
significant economic implications. Conventionally, these diseases have been the focus of research from
a toxicological perspective, with the identification of toxic compounds, mechanisms of action, and
associated lesions being the primary areas of investigation. However, the synthesis of toxic compounds
by plants can be interpreted as the result of a prolonged evolutionary history of interaction with
herbivores. Due to their sessile nature, plants are unable to physically escape being consumed and have developed numerous strategies aimed at minimizing the damage caused by herbivorous animals. These strategies encompass mechanical resistance mechanisms, chemical defences, symbiotic associations with microorganisms, and mechanisms of spatial and temporal escape. In this context, it is evident that plant toxins represent a highly sophisticated defensive mechanism that has been developed by plants throughout the course of evolution. The present study reviews the main adaptive strategies of plants against herbivory, analysing the role of plant toxicity as an evolutionary response and discussing its implications for animal health and livestock production in South America.
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